Nonroad Vehicle Real-World Emission Measurements

Characterizations of Real-World Vehicle Emissions:  Nonroad Vehicles

Dr. Frey’s work in this area focused on developing and applying methodologies to measure and characterize emissions from nonroad mobile sources, such as construction equipment (excavators, graders) and lawn and garden equipment, for which real-world data was previously scarce. Using Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS), this research quantifies the variability and uncertainty in emissions from these sources and evaluates the performance of biofuels in nonroad engines. This research is groundbreaking in providing a scientific basis for inventory development and policy for a previously understudied sector, leading to better-informed regulations for air quality management.

Illustrative papers (selected examples): 

Field Measurement of Nonroad Construction Vehicle Emissions

Abolhasani, S., H.C. Frey, K. Kim, S. Pang, W. Rasdorf, P. Lewis, “Real-World In-Use Activity, Fuel Use, and Emissions for Nonroad Construction Vehicles: A Case Study for Excavators,” Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 58(8):1033-1046 (August 2008).

Frey, H.C., Kim, K., S. Pang, W. Rasdorf, P. Lewis, “Characterization of Real-World Activity, Fuel Use, and Emissions for Selected Motor Graders Fueled with Petroleum Diesel and B20 Biodiesel,” Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 58(10):1274-1287 (October 2008).

Frey, H.C., W.J. Rasdorf, K. Kim, S.H. Pang, P. Lewis, “Comparison of Real-World Emissions of B20 Biodiesel Versus. Petroleum Diesel for Selected Nonroad Vehicles and Engine Tiers,” Transportation Research Record, 2058:33-42 (2008).

Frey, H.C., W. Rasdorf, P. Lewis, “Comprehensive Field Study of Fuel Use and Emissions of Nonroad Diesel Construction Equipment,” Transportation Research Record, No. 2158:69-76 (2010).  DOI: 10.3141/2158-09.

Engine-Based Emissions Variability and Uncertainty

Frey, H.C., and S. Bammi, “Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty in Lawn and Garden Equipment NO_x and Total Hydrocarbon Emission Factors,” Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 52(4):435-448 (April 2002).

Abolhasani, S., and H.C. Frey, “Engine and Duty Cycle Variability in Diesel Construction Equipment Emissions,” ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering, 139(2):261-268 (February 2013).  DOI:  10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000548.

Life Cycle and Emission Inventories for Nonroad Construction Equipment

Pang, S.H., H.C. Frey, and W.J. Rasdorf, “Life Cycle Inventory Energy Consumption and Emissions for Biodiesel versus Petroleum Diesel Fueled Construction Vehicles,” Environmental Science and Technology, 43(16):6398-6405 (August 15, 2009).

Rasdorf, W.R., P. Lewis, S.K. Marshall, I. Arocho, H.C. Frey, “Evaluation of Fuel Use and Emissions Over the Duration of a Construction Building Project,” ASCE Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 18(2):119-129 (2012).  DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000071.

Lewis, P., W. Rasdorf, M. Leming, and H.C. Frey, “Effects of Engine Idling on NAAQS Criteria Pollutant Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Construction Equipment,” Transportation Research Record, No. 2270, pp 67-75 (2012).  DOI: 10.3141/2270-09.

Marshall, S.K., W. Rasdorf, P. Lewis, H.C. Frey, “A Methodology for Estimating Emissions Inventories for Commercial Building Projects,” ASCE Journal of Architectural Engineering, 18(3):25-260 (September 2012).

Nonroad Construction Vehicle Operations and Emissions

Lewis, P., W. Rasdorf, H.C. Frey, S.H. Pang, and K. Kim, “Requirements and Incentives for Reducing Construction Vehicle Emissions and Comparison of Nonroad Diesel Engine Emissions Data Sources,” ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(5):341-351 (May 2009).

Lewis, P., M. Leming, H.C. Frey, and W. Rasdorf (2011), “Assessing the Effects of Operational Efficiency on Pollutant Emissions of Nonroad Diesel Construction Equipment,” Transportation Research Record, 2233:11-18 (DOI:  10.3141/2233-02).